Files across networks, while Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) governs the transmission of web pages on the internet. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) ensures the reliable delivery of emails between servers, while Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) allows for remote monitoring and management of network devices.

Secure Shell (SSH) provides encrypted remote access to systems, ensuring security in command-line operations and file transfers. Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronizes device clocks to maintain consistent timekeeping. Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology establishes secure connections over public networks, enabling remote access to private resources.